Explore the memories of childhood Essay

Investigate the recollections of adolescence introduced in â€Å"In Mrs Tilscher’s class† via Carol Ann Duffy and â€Å"Childhood† by John Clare The recollections of youth introduced in the two sonnets â€Å"In Mrs Tilscher’s class† via Carol Ann Duffy and â€Å"Childhood† by John Clare are investigated from multiple points of view. One of the ways Duffy investigates the recollections of adolescence is by recalling the joy of being a kid and making a cheerful tone. â€Å"Sugar paper. Shaded shapes. Brady and Hindley blurred, similar to the black out, uncomfortable smirch of a slip-up. † This citation demonstrates that Duffy investigates her recollections of youth to be upbeat by depicting a frightful wrongdoing to have vanished in Mrs Tilscher’s study hall. â€Å"Uneasy smirch of a mistake† recommends the terrible occurrences to have been scoured away in light of the fact that it is so cheerful and quiet when you are in Mrs Tilscher’s study hall. Brady and Hindley’s appalling jokes additionally propose the threats of the grown-up world. It additionally gives the feeling that the homeroom resembles an alternate world, a dreamland where just bliss exists. The way Duffy makes reference to the sugar paper and the hued shapes additionally give a feeling of bliss since it makes the peruser consider splendid hues and exercises which are related with the delight of being a kid. In like manner, in â€Å"Childhood† Clare additionally depicts the happiness of youth. â€Å"On the heaths, in the knolls close to the profound lake, and return’d with torn garments all secured wi’ burrs. † This citation shows how upbeat youth was for Clare. The possibility of nature introduced in this citation gives the impression of euphoric youngsters investigating the outside world. It gives this impression by notice â€Å"the knoll by the profound lake,† these words are in implication to nature and open air life. A feeling of opportunity is additionally made as Clare utilizes a lighthearted tone to depict where the kids would play. â€Å"and return’d with torn garments all secured wi’ burrs,† this area of the citation makes a sentiment of opportunity and gladness as Clare shouts his garments were torn and torn however the joyful tone he utilizes proposes he didn’t care and that he shed no blame along these lines, he was simply having a great time, which investigates the possibility of youth blamelessness. Despite the fact that a cheerful feeling of youth is delivered in â€Å"In Mrs Tilscher’s class,† Duffy causes the satisfaction to appear to lessen all through the sonnet. â€Å"You asked how you were conceived, and Mrs Tilscher grinned, and afterward dismissed. † This shows the guiltlessness of the youngsters is beginning to die. The way that Mrs Tilscher grins and dismisses, when â€Å"asked how you were born,† passes on a feeling that she wouldn't like to urge the youngsters to free their youth blamelessness by disclosing to them such develop things. This is an indication of sexual mindfulness made by Duffy on the grounds that the subject of sexual nature is beginning to be investigated at this phase in a child’s life. Duffy likewise makes an inclination that the youngsters look towards Mrs Tilscher for comfort however the two of them feel that the time has come to proceed onward toward growing up. Duffy does this by making the youngster take a stab at last endeavor to remain in the safeness and secure, safe belly of the grade school. As Mrs Tilscher dismisses is means the way that her time is over showing this specific class. This passes on a feeling that rapture is sneaking away. â€Å"A unpleasant kid disclosed to you how you were conceived. † This citation shows the â€Å"rough boy† who uncovers how you were considered is another indication of development. For kids it resembles discovering there is no Father Christmas. It gives the feeling that life won’t be the equivalent once more. The structure of the two sonnets, is extraordinary. In â€Å"Childhood,† Clare has made a standard rhyme plan to the sonnet. â€Å"O dear to us ever the locations of our youth The green spots we played in the school where we met The substantial old work area where we thought of the wild-wood Where we poured o’er the entireties which the ace had set. † This is a small amount of the principal refrain of the sonnet which shows the rhyming example. It has such a â€Å"sing-song† beat to it, which is suggestive of the nursery rhymes sang when a small kid. Rather than this, in â€Å"In Mrs Tilscher’s classroom,† there is no ordinary rhyme plot. â€Å"You could go up the Blue Nile, With your finger, following the course While Mrs Tilscher recited the scenery†¦ † This citation is likewise from the principal verse of the sonnet, and there is no normal rhyme conspire. Be that as it may, as there are four verses in this sonnet, every refrain can be said to speak to an alternate territory of improvement. For instance, the principal refrain speaks to idealism. â€Å"You could go up the Blue Nile with your finger,† this gives the feeling that you can genuinely escape from your difficulties and really travel up the Blue Nile with your creative mind. This passes on a feeling that Mrs Tilscher’s study hall is a sheltered and consoling spot to be. The last verse speaks to proceeding onward and growing up. â€Å"A unpleasant kid disclosed to you how you were conceived. You kicked him, yet gazed at your folks, shocked when you returned home. † This citation gives the feeling that the wellbeing that Mrs Tilscher accommodated you, is presently sneaking away as you are being acquainted with menaces, and individuals who find out about the world than you do. It passes on a feeling that the honesty and ideals of being a kid has gone on the grounds that you are becoming more established and developing into youth. In â€Å"Childhood,† the last verse makes a feeling of conclusion. â€Å"There’s nothing to contrast with the times of our adolescence. † This citation proposes that nothing is in the same class as youth and it was clearly an energizing piece of life for Clare. It likewise causes the peruser to feel as though that is the end, there was no proceeding onward to an alternate phase of life or becoming more established into a young person. Clare makes this inclination by saying nothing analyzes to his youth giving the feeling that his high school and more youthful life was not as energizing and invigorating as his youth days. It is as though Clare needed adolescence to be everlasting. Moreover in â€Å"In Mrs Tilscher’s class,† there is likewise a feeling of conclusion. â€Å"Reports were passed out. You went through the entryways, anxious to be grown,† This citation likewise gives the impression of the consummation of being in Mrs Tilscher’s class, as Duffy specifies reports were passed out, this normally occurs toward the finish of a scholarly year, which makes the peruser think about another instructor and another class. It additionally makes a feeling of proceeding onward to one more year of school. It proposes that there is a whole other world to happen to life however not as in youth, in a greater amount of a grown-up nature. A sentiment of completing is likewise made. Taking everything into account, the two sonnets â€Å"In Mrs Tilscher’s class† and â€Å"Childhood† have numerous comparative and various references.

Aec Advantage and Disadvangtage Essay

high and bao 1. The positive effect of AEC to Thailand is that it assists with encouraging speculation and exchanging exercises other ASEAN individuals as it is currently more unreservedly and simpler. We can put resources into any ASEAN nations and there will be less obstructions regarding exchanging exercises. In addition, Thailand will turn into the focal point of transportation and the travel industry, as Thailand is situated in the focal point of ASEAN. This will help the travel industry become greater. Thailand can likewise be the focal point of national gatherings, gatherings, presentations, and media transmission. Besides, AEC enables Thai makers to diminish the expense of creation as they can redistribute less expensive crude materials from ASEAN individuals. AEC likewise helps increment the chances of venture as cash is effectively streaming among ASEAN individuals bix,pamm, mew 2. AEC accompanies the railroads improvement ventures which will interface the Greater Mekong Sub-area, ie. East-West Economic Corridor-associating Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar; North-South Economic Corridor-connectingThailand, Myanmar/Laos, and China and; Southern Economic Corridor-interfacing Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The Southern Economic Corridor has an interfacing course further to Dawei Deep Sea Port in Myanmar that can disperse items to the Middle East and Europe. This will cut down the calculated expense of Thailand that depend smuch on costly street transportation. â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- http://www.scb.co.th/eic/doc/en/knowledge/SCB_Insight_AEC2012_EN.pdf â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- 3. In around 2 years, we will be a piece of AEC which we have to get ready for this circumstance. It isn't simply just industry division that need to plan for the greater market and the bigger measure of contenders, however the little segment like strategic is likewise should be improved to coexist with the extreme rivalry for helping organizations get by from the simpler development of merchandise, administration, speculation, capital and individuals. When there is a free progression of merchandise, administration, talented work, and so forth, the framework additionally should be created to serve those inflows. AEC would be an incredible test for flexibly bind the board to deal with the planning for conveying merchandise with increasingly agreeable framework which can decrease the expense of transportation also, and it is a pleasant chance to upgrade the cross outskirt exchange assistance by streamlined fringe systems. In addition, supporting the transportation among ASEAN nations PTT additionally began to set up service stations at fundamental streets in numerous part nations as of now. This open door will in general produce bunches of pay for our country as the elevated expectation of PTT corner store and the well nature of administration. http://www.bangkokpost.com/business/financial matters/284257/reinforcing flexibly chains-for-the-aec http://thainews.prd.go.th/centerweb/newsen/NewsDetail?NT01_NewsID=WNFOR5509140010001 â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- Negative effect of AEC on gracefully chain Nop â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- 1. At the point when we become a piece of AEC, it has a few negative effects on the flexibly chain in Thailand. Thai firms need to extend both their assembling and stock, in a request to deliver and store more merchandise to serve more extensive scope of clients. Subsequently, it will influence their fixed expense, and complete expense of creation will at that point rise individually. In addition, the broad fixation on assembling and stock can be dangerous in that it puts extra weight on the earth, which may be an away from in unwanted effects upon significant segments of the economy, for example, the travel industry. Mink 2. AEC will cause in a ton of work development and this can be a negative effect on gracefully chain too. Obviously, talented work will move to the nation that offer them a higher chance and higher compensation, for example, Singapore and Malaysia. As the Thai gifted work move out, the remote incompetent work may move in. The incompetent work, who might be more pay serious than the Thai specialist, move in. This caused a hindrance in the market and on Thai work too. Additionally, this may discourage nearby markets and reduce utilization of produced things. Because of a different more extensive clients, it will be more diligently for the production to arrive at economy of scale. Rather than simply delivering one products to server household advertise, the organizations may need to concoct a few innovative merchandise to server clients who originate from numerous nation. This likewise can expand an expense of creation for the firm. http://ejournal.som.siu.ac.th/documents/1-2%20Sittichai.pdf â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- bix,pamm, mew Thailand has moderately high strategic expense to GDP (18%) when contrasted and Singapore (8%) and Malaysia (13%). For Thailand’s by and large strategic cost, the portion of transportation cost is the biggest. Thailand may lose its methodology to be the center point of ASEAN from the higher strategic cost contrasting with other AEC nations, for example, Singapore and Malaysia, if Thailand’s calculated foundations, for instance, railroads and roadways organize that interface AEC, haven’t been manufactured totally in 2015. http://www.scb.co.th/eic/doc/en/knowledge/SCB_Insight_AEC2012_EN.pdf â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- bix,pamm, mew Some work serious enterprises may bite the dust when AEC is completely coordinated as a result of Thai the lowest pay permitted by law approach. The lowest pay permitted by law approach will influence everybody in the gracefully chain both straightforwardly and in a roundabout way. These organizations, for example, food and refreshment and vehicles and vehicle parts, will see greater expenses for merchandise and ventures on the type of rising cost of crude materials and coordinations pushing through the gracefully chain. Additionally, the solid organizations, which can endure, may leave Thai markets to discover new channels to build income and counter benefit disintegration from rising residential expenses. On the off chance that numerous ventures leave Thailand, the rest enterprises will leave additionally like domino falls. http://www.scbeic.com/ENG/record/insight_smes_aec_2012/

Congress Approval Ratings - Historic Job Approval Data

Congress Approval Ratings - Historic Job Approval Data The endorsement rating for Congress is horrifyingly low, and most Americans state they have very nearly zero confidence it can take care of our most significant issues and view its pioneers with serious hatred. In any case, theyâ also keep reappointing theâ same individuals to speak to them in the U.S. Senate and House of Representativesâ year after year. In what manner would that be able to be? In what manner can an establishment be more disagreeable than Satan, feel pressure from Americans to set term limits for themselvesâ yet see 90 percent of its officeholders be re-elected?â Are voters befuddled? Whimsical? Or on the other hand simply flighty? What's more, for what reason are endorsement evaluations for Congress so low? Congress Approval Ratings Its no mystery that Americans abhor Congress the organization. A greater part of voters routinely tell surveyors they dont accept most individuals from the House and Senate merit toâ be re-elected. Americans have held the countries authoritative branch in low respect throughout recent years, the general feeling firm Gallup wrote in 2013.â In mid 2014, theâ portion of individuals who said the countries administrators should win re-appointment sunk to a low of 17 percent in Gallups survey. The low endorsement ratingâ followed congressional inaction over spending limits and a failure to arrive at bargain on various issues or stay away from the administration shutdown of 2013. Gallups chronicled normal of Americans supporting re-appointment for individuals from Congress isâ 39 percent.â But: Members of Congress experience no difficulty getting reappointed. Officeholders Are Safe Notwithstanding Congress verifiably appalling endorsement evaluations, well more than 90 percent of House and Senate individuals who look for re-appointment win their races all things considered, as per information distributed from the Center for Responsive Politics in Washington, D.C. Not many things in life are more unsurprising than the odds of an occupant individual from the U.S. Place of Representatives winning re-appointment, composes the Center for Responsive Politics. With wide name acknowledgment, and normally an unfavorable preferred position in crusade money, House officeholders regularly experience little difficulty clutching their seats. The equivalent goes for individuals from the Senate. Why Our Lawmakers Keep Getting Re-Elected There are a few reasons officials continue getting reappointed beside their name acknowledgment and ordinarily all around supported crusade coffers. One reason is that its simpler to detest a foundation than it is an individual, particularly when that individual is one of your neighbors. Americans can severely dislike the failure of the House and Senate to agree on things like the national obligation. Be that as it may, they think that its increasingly hard to consider their official exclusively mindful. The well known supposition is by all accounts, as The Washington Posts Chris Cillizzaâ once put it, Throw the bums out. Be that as it may, not my bum. Times Are Changing That assumption - Congress smells yet my delegate is OK - is by all accounts blurring, notwithstanding. Surveyors at Gallup found in mid 2014, for instance, that a record-low part of voters, 46 percent, said their own delegate merited re-appointment. The suffering disagreeability of Congress seems to have saturated the countries 435 congressional areas, Gallup composed. While Congress as an organization is no more peculiar to voter disappointment, American voters are normally increasingly magnanimous in their appraisals of their own delegates in the national council. In any case, even this has tumbled to another trough. Congress Approval Ratings Through History Heres a gander at the Gallups associations numbers by year. The endorsement appraisals appeared here are from the popular supposition studies led the most recent in every year recorded. 2016: 18%2015: 13%2014: 16%2013: 12%2012: 18%2011: 11%2010: 13%2009: 25%2008: 20%2007: 22%2006: 21%2005: 29%2004: 41%2003: 43%2002: 50%2001: 72%2000: 56%1999: 37%1998: 42%1997: 39%1996: 34%1995: 30%1994: 23%1993: 24%1992: 18%1991: 40%1990: 26%1989: Not Available1988: 42%1987: 42%1986: 42%1985: Not Available1984: Not Available1983: 33%1982: 29%1981: 38%1980: 25%1979: 19%1978: 29%1977: 35%1976: 24%1975: 28%1974: 35%

The Effect Of E-Marketing Success Factors, Egypt Enterprises - 36575 Words

The Effect Of E-Marketing Success Factors On Competitiveness: A Study Of Small And Medium Sized Enterprises In Egypt (Thesis Proposal Sample) Content: THE EFFECT OF E-MARKETING SUCCESS FACTORS ON COMPETITIVENESS: A STUDY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES IN EGYPTA RESEARCH THESIS SUBMITTED TO AL-MADINAH INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY (MEDIU) IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTORATE OF MARKETING.AUGUST, 2013DECLARATIONThis research thesis is my original work and has not been offered for a degree or any other award in any other institution/University.MOHAMMED ELSABAGHAQ656Signature Date: ...We confirm that the work reported in this research thesis was carried out by the candidate under our supervision.Signed. DateName: Supervisor 1Signed... DateName: (2nd Supervisor)DEDICATIONThis research thesis is dedicated to my relatives and colleagues who have brought meaning and fulfillment to my life for their tireless, amicable and spiritual support and their in-depth understanding of my protracted working days during the writing of the research thesis.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTI wish to thank and express my heartfelt pleasure and gratitude to my project supervisors and also the entire administration my University, whose great aid made it valuable to the completion of this research thesis. More importantly, I would like thank the almighty God for availing me a chance to undertake this course in good health throughout the project. To my colleagues and in specifically my workmates, I say bravo! For their vital and immense assistance and guidance during the hard times I encountered in study and data collection exercise.ABSTRACTE-Marketing helps with increasing the competitiveness of enterprises through quality, supply chain and the effect of E-Marketing itself. E-Marketing represents the work approach that enhances competitiveness at the small and medium-sized enterprises. This research seeks to explore how product development techniques under e-marketing influence the level of competitiveness of small and medium sized enterprises in Egypt. Furthermore, the study examined how e-market ing help in improving pricing priorities, determine how e-marketing influence distribution methods and the competitiveness of small and medium sized companies. This study will also seek to know the effects of e-marketing and how it relates with promotion as well as the level of competitiveness of business in Egypt. To enable the researcher have a clear and understudying of these hypothesis, a questionnaire was designed to capture all the necessarily information and later SPSS program was used to analyze the data. It was found that the small and medium sized businesses that used e-marketing ad their marketing forum had higher returns compared to the one that still used physical media. In addition, it was noted that the level of competitiveness had increased with the level of technology as many businesses were using as many social media platform to market their products as best as possible.TABLE OF CONTENTS TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733487"
DECLARATION  PAGEREF _Toc366733487 \h
ii HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733488"
DEDICATION  PAGEREF _Toc366733488 \h
iii HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733489"
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT  PAGEREF _Toc366733489 \h
iv HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733490"
ABSTRACT  PAGEREF _Toc366733490 \h
v HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733491"
LIST OF FIGURES  PAGEREF _Toc366733491 \h
x HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733492"
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS  PAGEREF _Toc366733492 \h
xiii HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733493"
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION  PAGEREF _Toc366733493 \h
0 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733494"
1.1 Background of the Study  PAGEREF _Toc366733494 \h
0 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733495"
1.2 Problem Statement  PAGEREF _Toc366733495 \h
6 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733496"
1.3 Research Objectives  PAGEREF _Toc366733496 \h
9 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733497"
1.6 Significance of the Study  PAGEREF _Toc366733497 \h
10 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733498"
1.8 Research Scope  PAGEREF _Toc366733498 \h
11 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc36 6733499"
1.9 Research Structure  PAGEREF _Toc366733499 \h
12 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733500"
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW  PAGEREF _Toc366733500 \h
14 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733501"
2.1 Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc366733501 \h
14 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733502"
2.2 The Small and Medium- Sized Companies in Egypt  PAGEREF _Toc366733502 \h
14 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733503"
2.3 The Concept of E-Marketing  PAGEREF _Toc366733503 \h
16 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733504"
2.4 Success Factors of E-Marketing  PAGEREF _Toc366733504 \h
23 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733505"
2.4.1 The First Factor: Techniques of Product Development with E-Marketing  PAGEREF _Toc366733505 \h
23 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733506"
2.4.2 The Second Factor: Pricing Policies  PAGEREF _Toc366733506 \h
33 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733507"
2.4.3 The Third Factor: E- Distribution Methods  PAGEREF _Toc366733507 \h
41 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733508"
2.4.4 The Fourth Factor: Electronic Pro motion Tools  PAGEREF _Toc366733508 \h
47 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733509"
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY  PAGEREF _Toc366733509 \h
52 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733510"
3.1 Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc366733510 \h
52 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733511"
3.2 Research Design  PAGEREF _Toc366733511 \h
52 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733512"
3.3 Study Population  PAGEREF _Toc366733512 \h
54 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733513"
3.4 Sampling procedure and sample size  PAGEREF _Toc366733513 \h
55 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733514"
3.5 Data collection methods and procedures  PAGEREF _Toc366733514 \h
57 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733515"
3.6 Pre-testing  PAGEREF _Toc366733515 \h
59 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733516"
3.7 Data analysis and presentation  PAGEREF _Toc366733516 \h
59 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733517"
3.8 Authenticity of the study instruments  PAGEREF _Toc366733517 \h
60 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733518"
3.9 Stability of the study tool  PAGEREF _Toc366733518 \h
60 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733519"
3.10 Hypotheses/ Proposition development  PAGEREF _Toc366733519 \h
60 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733520"
3.11 Research/hypotheses themes  PAGEREF _Toc366733520 \h
61 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733521"
CHAPTER FOUR: FINDING AND ANALYSIS  PAGEREF _Toc366733521 \h
63 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733522"
4.1. Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc366733522 \h
63 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733523"
4.2 Demographic Information of the Respondents  PAGEREF _Toc366733523 \h
63 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733524"
4.2: Age  PAGEREF _Toc366733524 \h
65 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733525"
4.3: Education  PAGEREF _Toc366733525 \h
68 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733526"
4.4: Services received by respondents  PAGEREF _Toc366733526 \h
70 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733527"
4.5: Experience  PAGEREF _Toc366733527 \h
72 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733528"
4.6 Non-Demographic Determinants of e-marketing competitiveness  PAGEREF _Toc366733528 \h
74 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733529"
4.7: Correlation  PAGEREF _Toc366733529 \h
113 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733530"
4.8: Summary  PAGEREF _Toc366733530 \h
118 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733531"
CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS  PAGEREF _Toc366733531 \h
119 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733532"
5.1 Effect of e-marketing success factors on competitiveness  PAGEREF _Toc366733532 \h
119 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733533"
5.2 Demographic factors influencing e-marketing on competitiveness  PAGEREF _Toc366733533 \h
120 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733534"
5.3 Non-Demographic Determinants of competitiveness on e-marketing among Egyptian small and medium sized enterprises  PAGEREF _Toc366733534 \h
122 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733535"
5.4: Conclusions  PAGEREF _Toc366733535 \h
123 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733536"
5.5: Recommendations  PAGEREF _Toc366733536 \h
124 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733537"
REFERENCES  PAGEREF _Toc366733537 \h
125 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc3667335 38"
APPENDIX 1  PAGEREF _Toc366733538 \h
133 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc366733539"
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE  PAGEREF _Toc366733539 \h
133LIST OF TABLESTable 2.1 Comparison between E-marketing and traditional marketing......18Table 2.2 Differences between e-marketing and traditional marketing ..........20Table 2.3 the shift from traditional markets to electronic markets......21Table 2.4 The benefits of e-marketing.....22 Table 2.5: Product techniques of traditional marketing mix and the electronic one................26Table 2.6 Matrix marketing products online....31Table 2.7: Types of Flexible Price .............................................................................................

The Success of Judaism Essay - 2122 Words

Judaism has survived throughout history by being flexible and by admitting foreign influences into its practice. Its success in the 21st century depends on its ability to continue doing this in response to the pressures of modernity. Judaism has endured the challenges imposed upon it, by its ability to preserve deep-rooted traditions of the past. It is through maintaining customs from preceding times that defines the foundations of modern day Jewish practice, be it through observance, prayer or habit. In combination to this, its capacity to be versatile and incorporate outside influence has served to maintain its popularity as a major world faith. In order to continue its future religious success, Judaism must persist upholding the†¦show more content†¦It is through the participation of such traditions that identifies Jewish practice. Judaism has continued to exist through the desire to maintain tradition through historical descent. As Jacob Neusner states, â€Å"the Judaic religious tradition is shaped by the historical life of the Jewish people† therefore indicating how elements of Jewish historical significance have acted in forming and strengthening an attachment to the faith. This is evident when referring to various periods such as the destruction of the second Temple and the Holocaust. The destruction of the Temple led Jews to consolidate their beliefs through the emergence of Rabbinic Judaism and the tragedy of the Holocaust has stood for and continues to stand for an attachment to the faith. â€Å"Poll after poll of American Jews in the 1990s found that the Holocaust surpassed Israel, Judaism, or any other factor as the basis of the Jewish Identity.† Such moments of historical significance represent an increased strength of faith in times of adversity. In combination to the preservation of tradition to explain the survival of the faith, it is also evident that its continuing presence is determined through its ability to subject itself to change through time. This is evident through the emergence of various strands of Judaism that emerged after Jews were emancipated in Europe. As revealed through the surfacing of Reform Judaism with its popularity, in nineteenth century Germany, the religion has survived throughShow MoreRelatedParadigms Of The Jewish Culture967 Words   |  4 PagesParadigms in Jewish Culture Judaism is one of the oldest religions in the world. Jewish religious movements, sometimes referred to as denominations, can be looked at in terms of paradigm shifts in the Jewish Culture. Jewish denominations include different groups of Jews that have developed since the ancient times. In the United States, these denominations took the form of three large groups known as Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform. 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Suyuan and Jing-Mei’s relationship in The Joy Luck Club In The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan, Jing-Mei and her mother have a very rocky relationship. Tan develops a relationship between Suyuan and Jing-Mei that is distant in the beginning due to culture differences and miscommunication, but gradually strengthens with time and understanding. Both of them have different backgrounds and have been influenced by two different cultures. Suyuan grew up in China and behaves according to the Chinese culture and her American-born daughter Jing-Mei is influenced by the American culture that surrounds her and wants to become part of it. Their relationship is also shaped by the pressure Suyuan puts on Jing-Mei. She wants her to be a perfect†¦show more content†¦It is so obvious. It is my family. It is in our blood. After all these years, it can finally be let go,† (Tan, 288) Also, their relationship is shaped by the pressure Suyuan puts on her daughter. When Jing-Mei was growing up, her mother had the need for her daughter to be smart, talented, and a respectful Chinese daughter. This pressure put on Jing-Mei resulted in misunderstanding between mother and daughter. Jing-Mei constantly believed, â€Å"that she was disappointing her mother,† because she felt as if she failed at everything her mother wanted her to do. She believed she could never be as perfect as her mother was. Therefore she doesn’t think she is worthy enough to take her mother’s place at the Joy Luck Club â€Å"They must wonder now how someone like me can take my mother’s place† (Tan, 27). Jing-Mei does not understand that her mother wanted the best for her; Suyuan wanted Jing-Mei to challenge herself because that is how one builds up character. Suyuan thinks her daughter could do anything she proposed to do but never put enough effort into anything â€Å"Lazy to rise to expectations† (Tan 31). 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Humanmetrics Jung Typology Test Free Sample

Question: Discuss about theHumanmetrics Jung Typology Test. Answer: Introduction It is true that individuals can be characterized according to their general attitude presences, such as extravert, intuitive, thinking as well as judging. To begin with extraversion it indicates that the source and direction of an individuals energy expression. Accordingly an extraverts source and direction of energy expression is mainly in the inner world(Latham, Ringl, Hogan, 2011). Secondly, thinking represents the way a person processes information.Thinking means a person makes a decision primarily through logic. On the other hand, judging is a reflection of the way an individual implements their processed information. This means that in judginga person has to organize their life events and as a rule keep to their plans. Intuition is a method by which people perceives information. According to Jungs argument extraversionpreferenceis a general attitude because it reflects a persons attitude to the external world well-known by direction of universal interest. According to the extravert percentagewhich is over 50 percent it is an attractionfor, and looks for energy from the external world. On the other hand, introversion means the source and direction of an individuals energy expression(Chickerur, Kumar, 2011). Sensing-intuition preference represents a way through which an individual identifies information.Sensing is whereby an individual primarily depend upon actual and concrete information. Whereas intuition means that people rely on their own individual ideasabout things that are based on their understanding of the world. Thinking-feeling preferences is an indication the way a person processes information. Thinking preference is where a person makes decisions according to their common-sensereasoning and is less affected by feeling and emotions. Feeling preference is whereby a person decisions are as a result of their emotions and feelings(Ayadi, Chatterjee, Woldie, 2011).According to Jungs research on human behavior it was found that people the capability of making decisions in two different points of view, that is thinking and feeling. When people carry out decisions on the grounds of reason and logic they operate in a thinking mode. While when a person makes a decision according to their value system, or what they believe to be right they will be operating in the feeling mode. Judging and Perceiving People use judging and perceiving as they carry out their daily activities. However, the most challenge between judging and perceiving is the most difficult preferences among the four. Individuals with strong judgmentalpreferencescan be a challenge to accept individuals who have strong perceiving preferences. The energy of extroverts is outward to people and things. In this regard, it needs much stimulation and in most cases it express emotions.Therefore, people get their motivation from others. Consequently, the energy of introversionis inwards to ideas and concepts thus it requires less external stimulationbut it can be over-stimulated(Weiler, Keller, Olex, 2012). References Ayadi, O. F., Chatterjee, A., Woldie, M. (2011). Matching testing strategy with studentpersonality In a historically black university. Journal of College Teaching Learning (TLC), 3(3). Chickerur, S., Kumar, M. A. (2011, December). Project based learning in higher education with ICT: Designing and tutoring digital design course at MSRIT, Bangalore. In International Conference on Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (pp.590-597). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Latham, C. L., Ringl, K., Hogan, M. (2011). Professionalization and retention outcomes of auniversityservice mentoring program partnership. Journal of Professional Nursing,27(6), 344-353. Weiler, C. S., Keller, J. K., Olex, C. (2012). Personality type differences between Ph. D. climate researchers and the general public: implications for effective communication.Climatic change, 112(2), 233-242.

Soft Drink Industry Essays - Ice Cream Parlors, Ice Cream

Soft Drink Industry Executive Summary The word 'Saturation' does not exist in the dictionary of the U.A.E. Year by year, new products and their competing items have entered into the field and have successfully created a slot for themselves. This phenomenon is greatly supported by the open down policy of the local government to the people coming from other lands for settlement and tourism. Ice creams are a product that has not seen their prime in the U.A.E. It's potential is tapped in a meager form. Not that the commodity is in short supply. There is ample ice-cream available even at the moment. But, there is great scope of habitualizing the inhabitants of this place to consume more of the product, by exploiting the U.A.E. climate to its best potential. This statement vindicates the statistics that while an average person in Australia consumes 36.87 pints of ice cream, and in the United States 30.04 pints, the consumption in U.A.E. is only 6 pints per capita. Thus, even if the consumption is increased by 6 times for a person here, we will still be comparable to Australia and will need more effort to become world leader in consumption. This indicates the amount of vacuum existing in the U.A.E for the growth in the Ice-cream consumption. The bottom line is a 'Difference'. Up until now the ice creams that are being sold in the U.A.E. are mostly the conventional stuff and it will bring a sea change in the minds of consumers about ice creams if they are given something different at affordable prices and at accessible locations. One such company that can meet all these interests is Ben & Jerry's. We are a group of investors now planning to open Ben & Jerry's ice cream parlor. The food and beverage industry has been in a boom. Therefore we plan to make our mark in the industry as the premium ice cream and yoghurt parlor in the country. U.A.E has a multi-cultural environment thus providing a good market for Ben&Jerry's.. Ben&Jerry's is the 'difference' which can fit in the slot to help bring up the per capita consumption of the country. Most of their ice creams are made from fresh fruits, which hardly any other maker has attempted. Introduction & Background The company Ben & Jerry's had its humble beginning more than 70 years ago, when its founders started manufacturing ice cream with a hand - cranked machine. Today, it offers the widest range of ice creams and frozen deserts in packs, including cups, bulks, and cones. The brand enjoys its reputation for successful innovation and development of flavors and its new offerings are eagerly awaited every summer. Current Market Situation The Marketing Environment- The United Arab Emirates has an ice cream market of Dh140 million, yet it has one of the lowest consumption (6.00 per capita/ pints) of ice-cream when compared to Australia which consumes 36.87 per capita / pints and USA 30.04 pints. The ice-cream parlors Baskin Robbins enjoys having a monopoly followed by Haagen-Dazsas and Breslers. There are other non-famous parlors in some shopping centers and malls. Considering that there is two major franchises in the U.A.E market there is a high scope in entering the ice-cream industry. As for the external environment, it is divided in the following manner. Competitive Environment- There is high degree of competition in the foodstuff industry. In the ice-cream industry, the market share is evenly distributed with Nestle being the market leader, followed by Walls and then by Kwality. Recenlty Hag n' Das has also come up with major marketing schemes and are aggressively marketing their ice creams. They have a parlor opened at Al Diyafah Street in Deira. There is no official study to the exact market share. The prices in the parlors are about 10% higher to that of franchises in London and Canada. The other competitors in the family line are Igloo, Unikai, Kimo Cadbury, Mamma- Mia, and also those previously mentioned. Hags n' Das, Cadbury's, Baskin Robbins and have an importation, the rest are local manufacturers. Below mentioned is the approximate market share. Estimates provided by Kwality and Unikai year 1996 Overall market growth 20% on yearly basis Social and Cultural environment- We intend to target our products

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Employment law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

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Why does communsim work in some developing countries and democracy in others - Essay Example It intrudes further into the lives of people than socialism does. For example, some communist countries do not allow their citizens to practice certain religions, change jobs, or move to the town of their choice (Margonis, 1993). According to Nowotny (1997), communism has been perennially perceived to have been but a -- certainly disastrous -- evolutionary accident on the road of progress. Once this error would have been corrected and once the communist system was removed, the countries concerned would, without any great difficulties, resume their rightful place on the ladder of economic and political progress. This would occur spontaneously. Errors could stunt or thwart the development. But, on the other hand, no special measures would be necessary to promote it. Markets and with them wealth; civic society and political institutions and with them democracy would install themselves without further ado. Some even claimed that this step back unto the ladder of political and economic evolution would be easier (Nowotny, 1997). Although communism is always seen as ‘the big bad wolf’, there are still studies that suggest that it is much better that developing communist countries to embrace communism f irst before venturing into capitalism. Numerous researches argue towards the success of shifting governments from communism to democracy. McFaul (2005) cited the Serbian, Georgian, and Ukrainian cases of democratic breakthrough resemble one another-and differ from other democratic transitions or revolutions-in four critical respects. First, in all three cases, the spark for regime change was a fraudulent national election, not a war, an economic crisis, a split between ruling elites, an external shock or international factor, or the death of a dictator. Second, the democratic challengers deployed extra-constitutional means solely to defend the existing, democratic constitution rather than to achieve a fundamental rewriting of the rules of the political

Financial Management Questions Essay Example for Free

Financial Management Questions Essay Question 1:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Medwig Corporation has a DSO of 17 days.   The company averages $3500 in credit sales each day.   What is the company’s average account’s receivable?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Answer / Solution:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Accounts Receivable = Days Sales Outstanding * (Sales / Days)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = 17 * (3500/1)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = $59,500 Question 2: Discuss some of the techniques available to reduce risk exposures?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Answer:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Insurance is one of the simplest and most available ways to reduce exposure to risk.   It involves the transfer of risk to another company.   Depending on the amount and nature of the risk involved, risk retention by self-insurance might not be a practical option, especially if the cost of transferring the risk (insurance premiums) is reasonable enough to not add significant costs.   Risk transfer is not done always through insurance, however. Outsourcing some operations to a company who agrees to take on the risk involved is another type of risk reduction.   Some tasks are best suited for specialized companies, and large organizations might outsource such activities as customer support, software development and internal security. Derivative hedging is also an option, depending on the nature of the company.   Futures contracts, for example, reduce the risk of price fluctuations in a particular commodity, and are very useful to transfer it to a speculator.   A company producing commodities would benefit from this type of hedge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aside from transferring risks, a company might try to reduce risk by reducing the inherent cause of the risk.   Instead of hiring a single custodian for cash transfers, a company might hire another one to reduce the risk of employee theft.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The last method is to avoid the risk completely.   This will completely circumvent possible losses, but it also precludes any possible gains from taking on the risk.

The Humour in Educating Rita Essay -- Educating Rita Willy Russell Ess

The Humour in Educating Rita ‘Educating Rita’ is a humorous play that was written by Willy Russell in 1979, based on his own life. It is set in Liverpool and depicts the perseverance of a working class, 26-year-old hairdresser with no qualifications called Susan, or as she is called throughout the play, ‘Rita’, as she tries to ‘discover herself’ by participating in an English literature course at the Open University. Her lecturer, who is from a more middle class background, Frank, is somewhat of an unorthodox one; he is frequently found to be drunk and, during one lecture, he is so drunk that he falls off of the rostrum in the hall! This erratic behaviour leads to him being sent to Australia for two years. In this essay, I am going to discuss how I might direct this play so that I achieve humour for the audience. There are four main aspects that create the humour in the play ‘Educating Rita’: the first of which is the comedy of the character. This is when a character in the play is perceived as being humorous by the way that the character speaks or a trait that the character has. When Rita enters Frank’s classroom in the first scene, she blurts out: â€Å"I’m coming in, aren’t I? It’s that stupid bleedin’ handle on the door. You wanna get it fixed!† As director, I would have the actress playing Rita fall through the door and point towards Frank, as if to order him to fix the door. The actor playing Frank would have to put on a stern face, looking in disbelief at Rita; in shock at the way she entered. Considering the fact that this is an interview situation, the audience would be shocked, as the language is totally out of the blue and inappropriate for such a formal situation. Also the fact that she ... ...e rostrum- an action that occurs because of his drunkenness. Along with Frank’s drinking, Rita’s entrance to the play is an example of extremely effective comedy of character. However, as the play progresses and Rita becomes more aware and cognisant of her actions the comedy seems to derive from Frank’s drunkenness. There is much to be said as to how you would direct this play. Personally I would involve more than just the two characters Frank and Rita. This would give me as director, the chance to introduce more humorous situations. Other occurrences that would possibly make the play more interesting could be added to the play with the introduction of extra characters. Willy Russell wrote this play to be performed, but I must wonder why he wrote the play with only two characters if he did eventually see the play being performed on the silver screen.

Walt Disney as a leader

Walt Disney as a Leader Throughout the years, in the field of entertainment there are very few people who have captured the eye of the public and made a name themselves. Walt Disney achieved this and much more, his name became a renowned brand and his success to the form of amusement parks around the world and iconic movies that continued to be passed down to be watched for generations, immortalizing his creations into the childhood of millions. Walt Disney presented himself as a leader for pioneering the world of animation into our day to day forms of entertainment.His imagination ead him to go beyond the limits of a simple cartoonist. He dreamt of a much larger picture and he knew his creativity could bring something great to this world. Through his ambitious and creative nature he created whole worlds and characters with stories for us to fall in love with. His stubborn attitude and his optimism motivated cartoonist and animators alike, to aspire great goals in their careers despi te what anyone else states against you. Walt Disney had always had big aspirations no matter how impossible it may have seemed he always worked his hardest to reach his goals.His ambition motivated him to do the unthinkable, even when his ideas failed him he kept looking at the big picture. This mode of thinking lead him to want to â€Å"be the first person to create a full length animated This was in 1933 and at the time this goal seemed outrageous, no one believed it would succeed and that he would go bankrupt like in many of his other attempts at animation. But Walt Disney ignored these thoughts and stayed true to his vision, he hired only the most skilled cartoonists and began his four year project. All the while ignoring the warnings about his imminent failure.Four years later his first full length production, â€Å"Snow white and the Seven Dwarfs† was released in 1937. It became a sensation and the success spurred on Walt Disney's imagination into creating more films s uch as â€Å"Bambi,† â€Å"Cinderella,† â€Å"101 Dalmatians,† â€Å"Alice in Wonderland,† â€Å"The Lion King,†(Warfield) and the list goes on. Walt Disney's ambition motivated him to reach his goal despite the criticism, and if he hadn't where would we be without these iconic movies? Creativity was one of Disney's many strong suits, his imagination lead to many conic creations that added a new level into the entertainment field.Walt Disney was a pioneer and innovator, â€Å"and the professor of one of the most fertile and unique imaginations the world has ever known. † (Brad) Hi creative mind set was one of the main factors that lead to his great success. Having always had an artistic interest, since he was Just a young boy he drew cartoons for his school newspaper and at times, when invited to, told stories to the class by drawing them out on the chalkboards in his classroom. His creativity grew in his studios, in the early days of is car eer it was located in his garage.He grew fond of three mice that he latter took in as pets, â€Å"he had a particular favorite who inspired the cartoon character Mickey Mouse. † (Kraws) His imagination lead him to create one of the most iconic characters in the entertainment field. Mickey Mouse forever characterized as the face for Disney's name, one ot the greatest creations he made, torever immortalizing his brand and his future accomplishments. He also had an impulsive nature about him that often times turned to stubbornness when trying to bring his next vision to reality.During his production of â€Å"Mary Poppins†, it was originally meant to be a movie with only real actors. But Disney was struck with this idea of merging animation along with the real people, and idea every involved in the production, including the actors found absurd. Many objected the idea claiming it to be â€Å"too high of risk. â€Å"(lMDb) This time Walt Disney was not ignoring the words o f Just critics but his own co-workers and partners. He went ahead and added the animation to film despite the words of his team. The film was released in 1964 generating yet another wave of success in the Walt Disney Studios.Walt Disney's impulsive and stubborn nature could be viewed as one of his flaws but it often was that impulse to pursue the goals set by his imagination that fueled his stubborn nature to reach his goal despite of anyone's advice. And that impulse usually lead to great creations that ended in success. Though optimism is not something that comes naturally to most people, Disney had an incredible way of seeing the â€Å"light at the end of the tunnel† even in his darkest situations. Such as his early attempted projects like â€Å"The Alice Comedies† which ended when he â€Å"and his company Laugh-O-Grams went bankrupt. Brad) Even having to face his past failure Disney still aimed to achieve greatness and he never let the negative parts of his life c loud these ideals. His views on life was always bright and challenges never seemed to faze him. Other parts of Disney's life were not as easy to get over, â€Å"probably the most painful time of Walt's private life, was the accidental death of his mother in 1938. † Once â€Å"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs† was released Walt and his brother Roy Disney, bought a home for their parents closer to their studio, but unfortunately less than a month later Disney's mother died ofAsphyxiation due to a faulty furnace. (Brad) The accident haunted Disney for years but he continued on with his animations despite his grief and still believed life would get better. His optimistic attitude during the darkest of times motivated thousand of cartoonists and animators to persevere and make them believe in Disney could do it so could they. Throughout the challenged Walt Disney had faced, his ambition led him to achieve impossible goals, his creativity allowed him to imagine captivating st ories, his stubbornness stuck him to his ideals and his optimism go him through the greatest challenges.A true inspiration for aspiring cartoonist, animators and entertainers alike that greatness can be achieved with perseverance and motivation. He taught the world that creativity should be embraced and that imagination is a gift that can lead the world to achieve seemingly impossible goals. Few men have made such a mark on the world, and most not as memorable as Walt Disney. In his words, â€Å"we keep moving forward, opening new doors, and doing new things, because we're curious and curiosity keeps leading us down new paths. † (Rosenbaum) Walt Disney, a true leader and pioneer to the creative imagination.

How to Conjugate the Verb Potere in Italian

Potere, an irregular verb of the second conjugation, translates to the English to be able to. Without getting into the pesky grammatical English-language quibbles about may and can, potere encompasses both: to have (or not have) the ability, the freedom, the capacity to do something. Together with volere and dovere, potere comprises the triumvirate of Italian helping verbs, called in Italian verbi servili, or modal verbs: to be able to (to have power), to want (to have will or volition), and to have to (to have duty, necessity—in other words, must). Modal: Transitive or Intransitive Potere is a transitive verb, so it takes a direct object in the form of another verb. Since it is a helping or modal verb, helping to express other verbs in different modes, in compound tenses it takes the auxiliary verb required by the verb it is helping. For example, if you couple potere with andare, which is an intransitive verb that takes essere, in the compund tenses potere takes essere; if you couple potere with mangiare, which is transitive and takes avere, potere, in that case, takes avere. Remember your ground rules for choosing the right auxiliary: it is a case-by-case choice, depending on the sentence and the use of the verb. If you use potere with a reflexive verb, it takes essere. Its participio passato is regular, potuto. Non sono potuta andare a scuola. I was not able to go to school.Non ho potuto mangiare. I was not able to eat.Non mi sono potuta lavare stamattina. I was not able to shower this morning. Impediment or Forbiddance You use potere in Italian much like you do to be able to in English: to ask for permission to do something and, in the negative, to express an impediment or a forbiddance—I cant come today; I cant understand why you act this way. In terms of why one can or cannot do something, certainly, like in English, potere is a rather broad and vague term. If you say, Paolo non puà ² uscire (Paolo cannot go out), we dont know why, if hes not able, if hes indisposed, or forbidden from going out. Potere vs. Essere Capace If you say in English that Betsy cannot speak Italian, in Italian you might want to say, Betsy non sa parlare italiano; in other words, she is not forbidden from speaking Italian, nor does she have a physical barrier to speaking Italian: She simply does not know how. Also, essere capace di something—to be capable of or able—can be, in some cases, a better option than potere. With Pronouns In constructions with direct and indirect object pronouns and combined pronouns, the pronouns can go before either verb or attached to the infinitive that potere is supporting: Potete aiutarmi or mi potete aiutare; lo posso prendere or posso prenderlo; glielo potete dare or potete darglielo. But, note, in some modes it can be tricky. In the infinitive: poterglielo dire or potere dirglielo; averglielo potuto dire or avere potuto dirglielo (less common). In the gerund: potendoglielo dare or potendo darglielo; avendo potuto dirglielo or avendoglielo potuto dire. There is no imperative in potere. The tables below include examples of potere with both essere and avere. Indicativo Presente: Present Indicative An irregular presente. Io posso Non posso dormire. I can't sleep. Tu puoi Mi puoi aiutare per favore? Can/would you help me? Lei, lei, Lei puà ² Luca non puà ² uscire. Luca can't go out. Noi possiamo Possiamo visitare il museo? May we visit the museum? Voi potete Potete sedervi. You may sit. Loro, Loro possono I bambini possono leggere adesso. The children may read now. Indicativo Passato Prossimo: Indicative Present Perfect Il passato prossimo, made of the present of the auxiliary avere or essere, and the past participle. Io ho potuto/sono potuto/a Non ho potuto dormire stanotte. I was not able to/couldn't sleep last night. Tu hai potuto/sei potuto/a Ieri mi hai potuto aiutare, grazie. You were able to help me yesterday, thank you. Lui, lei, Lei ha potuto/à ¨ potuto/a Luca non à ¨ potuto uscire ieri. Luca couldn't go out yesterday. Noi abbiamo potuto/siamo potuti/e Abbiamo potuto visitare il museo ieri. We were able to see the museum yesterday. Voi avete potuto/siete potuti/e Vi siete potuti sedere al teatro? Were you able to sit at the theater? Loro, Loro hanno potuto/sono potuti/e I bambini non hanno potuto leggere ieri perchà © non avevano i libri. The children were not able to read because they didn't have their books. Indicativo Imperfetto: Imperfect Indicative A regular imperfetto. Io potevo Da bambina non potevo mai dormire nel pomeriggio. As a little girl I could never sleep in the afternoon. Tu potevi Perchà © non potevi aiutarmi ieri? Why couldn't you help me yesterday? Lui, lei, Lei poteva Da ragazzo Luca non poteva mai uscire la sera. As a boy, Luca could never go out in the evening. Noi potevamo Ieri potevamo visitare il museo ma non avevamo voglia. Yesterday we could visit the museum but we didn't feel like it. Voi potevate Perchà © non potevate sedervi al teatro? Why couldn't you sit at the theater? Loro, Loro potevano I bambini non potevano leggere ieri perchà © non avevano i libri. The children couldn't/were not able to read yesterday because they didn't have their books. Indicativo Passato Remoto: Remote Past Indicative An irregular passato remoto. Io potei Non potei dormire quella notte. I couldn't sleep that night. Tu potesti Non mi potesti aiutare quel giorno, dunque lo chiesi a Giovanni. You couldn't help that day, so I asked Giovanni. Lui, lei, Lei potà © Luca non potà © uscire quella sera. Luca was not able to go out that night. Noi potemmo Non potemmo visitare il museo quella volta. We were not able to visit the museum that time. Voi poteste Non poteste sedervi al teatro e tornaste stanchi. You were not able to sit at the theater. Loro, Loro poterono I bambini non poterono leggere perchà © non avevano i libri. The children were not able to read because they didn't have their books. Indicativo Trapassato Prossimo: Past Perfect Indicative A regular trapassato prossimo, made of the imperfetto of the auxiliary and the past participle. Io avevo potuto/ero potuto/a Non avevo potuto dormire e dunque ero stanca. I had not been able to sleep and therefore I was tired. Tu avevi potuto/eri potuto/a Non capivo perchà © non mi avevi potuto aiutare. I couldn't understand why you had not been able to help me. Lui, lei, Lei aveva potuto/era potuto/a Luca non era mai potuto uscire la sera. Luca had never been able to go out in the evening. Noi avevamo potuto/eravamo potuti/e Non avevamo potuto visitare il museo ed eravamo delusi. We had not been able to visit the museum and we were disappointed. Voi avevate potuto/eravate potuti/e Non vi eravate potuti sedere e dunque eravate stanchi. You had not been able to sit and therefore you were tired. Loro avevano potuto/erano potuti/e I bambini non avevano potuto leggere e dunque erano delusi. The children had not been able to read and therefore they were disappointed. Indicativo Trapassato Remoto: Preterite Perfect Indicative A regular trapassato remoto, a remote literary and storytelling tense, made of the passato remoto of the auxiliary and the past participle. Io ebbi potuto/fui potuto/a Dopo che non ebbi potuto dormire per tanto tempo, mi addormentai come un ghiro. After I had not been able to sleep for so long, I feel asleep like a dormouse. Tu avesti potuto/fosti potuto/a Dopo che non mi avesti potuto aiutare, lo chiesi a Giovanni. After you had not been able to help me, I asked Giovanni. Lui, lei, Lei ebbe potuto/fu potuto/a Dopo che Luca non fu potuto uscire per tanto tempo, finalmente scappà ². After Luca had not been able to go out for so long, he finally ran away. Noi avemmo potuto/fummo potuti/e Appena che avemmo potuto visitare il museo, partimmo. As soon as we were able to visit the museum, the left. Voi aveste potuto/foste potuti/e Dopo che non vi foste potuti sedere al teatro, vi accasciaste nel letto. After you had not been able to sit at the theater, you crumbled in the bed. Loro, Loro ebbero potuto/furono potuti/e Appena che i bambini ebbero potuto leggere finalmente, lessero pagina dopo pagina. As soon as the children were able to read finally, they read page after page. Indicativo Futuro Semplice: Simple Future Indicative An irregular futuro semplice. Io potrà ² Forse stanotte potrà ² dormire. Maybe tonight I will be able to sleep. Tu potrai Domani mi potrai aiutare Tomorrow you will be able to help me. Lui, lei, Lei potrà   Luca domani non potrà   uscire. Luca tomorrow will not be able to go out. Noi potremo Domani non potremo visitare il museo perchà © sarà   chiuso. Tomorrow we will not be able to visit the museum because it will be closed. Voi potrete Potrete sedervi al teatro. You will be able to sit in the theater. Loro potranno I bambini potranno leggere a scuola. The children will be able to read at school. Indicativo Futuro Anteriore: Future Perfect Indicative A regular futuro anteriore, made of the futuro semplice of the auxiliary and the past participle. Io avrà ² potuto/sarà ² potuto/a Se avrà ² potuto dormire, mi alzerà ² presto. If I will have been able to sleep, I will get up early. Tu avrai potuto/sarai potuto/a Se mi avrai potuto aiutare, domani avrà ² finito il progetto. If you will have been able to help me, tomorrow I will have finished the project. Lui, lei, Lei avrà   potuto/sarà   potuto/a Se Luca sarà   potuto uscire, domani sera saremo in discoteca. If Luca will have been able to go out, tomorrow night we will be at the disco. Noi avremo potuto/saremo potuti/e Se avremo potuto visitare il museo domani saremo appagati. If we will have been able to visit the museum, tomorrow we will be satisfied. Voi avrete potuto/sarete potuti/e Se vi sarete potuti sedere al teatro sarete meno stanchi domani. If you will have been able to sit at the theater, tomorrow you will be less tired. Loro, Loro avranno potuto/saranno potuti/e Se i bambini avranno potuto leggere saranno contenti. If the children will have been able to read, they will be happy. Congiuntivo Presente: Present Subjunctive An irregular congiuntivo presente. Che io possa Sono felice che io possa dormire. I am happy that I can sleep. Che tu possa Sono felice che tu mi possa aiutare. I am happy that you can help me. Che lui, lei, Lei possa Mi dispiace che Luca non possa uscire. I am sorry that Luca cannot go out. Che noi possiamo Mi dispiace che non possiamo visitare il museo. I am sorry that we cannot visit the museum. Che voi possiate Spero che vi possiate sedere. I hope that you can sit. Che loro, Loro possano Spero che i bambini possano leggere. I hope that the children can read. Congiuntivo Passato: Present Perfect Subjunctive A regular congiuntivo passato, made of the present subjunctive of the auxiliary and the past participle. Che io abbia potuto/sia potuto/a Sono felice che io abbia potuto dormire. I am happy that I was able to sleep. Che tu abbia potuto/sia potuto/a Sono felice che tu mi abbia potuto aiutare. I am happy that you were able to help me. Che lui, lei, Lei abbia potuto/sia potuto/a Sono dispiaciuta che Luca non sia potuto uscire. I am sorry that Luca couldn't go out. Che noi abbiamo potuto/siamo potuti/e Sono appagata che abbiamo potuto visitare il museo. I am satisfied that we were able to see the museum. Che voi abbiate potuto/siate potuti/e Spero che vi siate potuti sedere. I hope that you were able to sit. Che loro, Loro abbiano potuto/siate potuti/e Spero che i bambini abbiano potuto leggere. I hope that the children were able to read. Congiuntivo Imperfetto: Imperfect Subjunctive A regular congiuntivo imperfetto. Che io potessi Sarei contenta se potessi dormire. I would be happy if I could sleep. Che tu potessi Vorrei che tu mi potessi aiutare. I wish that you could help me. Che lui, lei, Lei potesse Vorrei che Luca potesse uscire. I wish that Luca could go out. Che noi potessimo Vorrei che potessimo vedere il museo. I wish that we could see the museum. Che voi poteste Sarei felice se vi poteste sedere. I would be happy if you could sit. Che loro, Loro potessero Sarei felice se i bambini potessero leggere un po' oggi. I would be happy if the children could read a little today. Congiuntivo Trapassato: Past Perfect Subjunctive A regular congiuntivo trapassato, made of the imperfetto of the auxiliary and the past participle. Che io avessi potuto/fossi potuto/a Vorrei che avessi potuto dormire. Wish that I had been able to sleep. Che tu avessi potuto/fossi potuto/a Speravo che tu mi avessi potuto aiutare. I had hoped that you would be able to help me. Che lui, lei, Lei avesse potuto/fosse potuto/a Vorrei che Luca fosse potuto uscire. I wish that Luca had been able to go out. Che noi avessimo potuto/fossimo potuti/e Avrei voluto che avessimo potuto visitare il museo. I wished that we had been able to visit the museum. Che voi aveste potuto/foste potuti/e Vorrei che vi foste potuti sedere. I wish that you had been able to sit. Che loro, Loro avessero potuto/fossero potuti/e Speravo che i bambini avessero potuto leggere un po' oggi. I hoped that the children had been able to read. Condizionale Presente: Present Conditional A very irregular condizionale presente. Io potrei Potrei dormire se ci fosse meno rumore. I could sleep if there were less noise. Tu potresti Potresti aiutarmi domani? Could you help me tomorrow? Lui, lei, Lei potrebbe Luca potrebbe uscire se suo padre fosse meno severo. Luca could go out if his father were less severe. Noi potremmo Potremmo visitare il museo domani. We could visit the museum tomorrow. Voi potreste Potreste sedervi se voleste. You could sit if you wanted to. Loro, Loro potrebbero I bambini potrebbero leggere se avessero dei libri. The children could read if they had some books. Condizionale Passato: Perfect Conditional The condizionale passato, made of the conditional present of the auxiliary and the past participle. Io avrei potuto/saresti potuto/a Avrei potuto dormire se ci fosse stato meno rumore. I would have been able to sleep had there been less noise. Tu avresti potuto/saresti potuto/a Mi avresti potuto aiutare se tu avessi avuto voglia. You would have been able to help me had you felt like it. Lui, lei, Lei avrebbe potuto/sarebbe potuto/a Luca sarebbe potuto uscire se i suoi genitori fossero meno severi. Luca would have been able to go out if his parents were less strict. Noi avremmo potuto/saremmo potuti/e Avremmo potuto visitare il museo se avessimo avuto il tempo. We could have visited the museum if we had had the time. Voi avreste potuto/sareste potuti/e Vi sareste potuti sedere se il teatro fosse stato meno affollato. You could have sat had the theater been less crowded. Loro, Loro avrebbero potuto/sarebbero potuti/e I bambini avrebbero potuto leggere a scuola se avessero portato il libri. The children would have been able to read at school had they brought their books. Infinito Presente Passato: Infinitive Present Past The infinito, potere, is used widely as a noun: power. Potere 1. Il loro potere à ¨ immenso. 2. Mi dà   gioia poterti vedere. 1. Their power is immense. 2. It gives me joy to be able to see you. Avere potuto Avere potuto viaggiare à ¨ stata una fortuna. Having been able to travel has been a blessing. Essere potuto/a/i/e Essermi potuta riposare mi ha fatto sentire meglio. Having been able to rest made me feel better. Participio Presente Passato: Present Past Participle The participio presente, potente, means powerful or potent and is widely used both as a noun and an adjective. The past participle potuto does not have use outside of the auxiliary function. Potente 1. Marco à ¨ un uomo potente. 2. Tutti vogliono fare i potenti. 2. Marco is a powerful man. 2. Everyone want to play powerful. Potuto Non ho potuto visitare il museo. I was not able to visit the museum. Potuto/a/i/e Non sono potuta venire. I was not able to come. Gerundio Presente Passato: Present Past Gerund The gerund, an important tense in Italian. Potendo Potendoti aiutare, l'ho fatto volentieri. Being able to help you, I did it happily. Avendo potuto Avendo potuto portare il cane, sono venuta volentieri. Having been able to bring the dog, I came gladly. Essendo potuto/a/i/e Essendo potuta partire prima, ho preso l'aereo delle 15.00. Having been able to leave early, I took the 3 p.m. plane.